510
个编辑
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return true; // 返回1
}
</syntaxhighlight>
== 实验21-内部Flash ==
上一章我们讲解了如何将大量的用户数据存储到外部flash,那么在进行小数据量存储的时候,我们一定需要再额外增加一颗flash芯片吗,显然不是如此,这样会造成资源的浪费。
当我们的程序没有完全占用所有flash内部空间的情况,我们完成可以将未被使用的内部flash用来存储少量的用户个人数据。
=== STM32L476 内部Flash简介 ===
STM32L476芯片有3种flash大小的型号,分别是1MB、512KB以及256KB。
我们选择的STM32L476RC芯片是256KB大小的flash空间,下面是和我们本章节有关的flash说明信息:
•内存组织:2个bank(Bank 1和Bank 2)
- 主存储器:每个存储区128 KB
•72位宽数据读取(64位加8个ECC位)
•72位宽数据写入(64位加8个ECC位)
•页擦除(2 KB),存储区擦除和批量擦除(两个存储区)
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=== 硬件设计 ===
选择STM32L4的内部FLASH。
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=== 实验准备 ===
# 使用miniUSB线及10pin排线,通过Jlink仿真器连接PC端和开发板。
# 使用miniUSB线,连接PC与开发板USB接口。
# 将SW1拨到USB端,SW2拨到MCU。
# 使用Keil打开基础实验的实验21-内部Flash。
# 使用Xshell打开miniUSB虚拟出的COM口
# 下载程序,并完成功能测试。
=== 实验验证 ===
下载完成后,我们可以先按下UP按键,然后按下RIGHT按键,可以看到串口打印“0xA1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8,0xB1B2B3B4B5B6B7B8,”字样。
然后我们按下DOWN按键,然后按下RIGHT按键,可以看到串口打印“0xC1C2C3C4C5C6C7C8,0xD1D2D3D4D5D6D7D8,”字样。
以此类推,当我们不断重新按下UP或者DOWN按键,然后按下RIGHT按键,可以看到串口打印的值一直在变动。所以我们实验成功,可以对内部进行擦除、写入、读取的操作。
[[文件:NBDK-XSHELL-FLASH.png|边框|居中|无框|759x759像素]]
=== 源码详解 ===
本节中的源码说明,仅针对此例程中的重要功能,详细的源码介绍请大家参照代码后的注释。
==== stm32l4xx_hal_conf.h ====
此文件位于“实验21-内部Flash\Inc”路径中,主要用途是选择使能此例程使用到的库文件。
此例程我们主要给大家展示STM32L4的内部flash读取,flash是任何例程都需要用到的,所以flash的宏定义一直都是有使能的。<syntaxhighlight lang="c" line="1" start="103">
// 使能的宏
#define HAL_MODULE_ENABLED // 芯片
#define HAL_FLASH_MODULE_ENABLED // Flash
#define HAL_PWR_MODULE_ENABLED // 电源
#define HAL_RCC_MODULE_ENABLED // 时钟
#define HAL_CORTEX_MODULE_ENABLED // NVIC
#define HAL_GPIO_MODULE_ENABLED // GPIO
#define HAL_DMA_MODULE_ENABLED // DMA
#define HAL_UART_MODULE_ENABLED // UART
</syntaxhighlight>
==== main.c ====
定义待会准备写入数据的flash地址,注意一定是程序未被使用的部分。在这个例程中,我们展示用的是bank2中的地址,且能被8整除,不然在后面的地址判断中会被认为是错误的地址。
其次我们还定义了两个不同的数组,用于向flash写入不同的值,用于展示擦除重写功能。<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" line="1" start="31">
// 定义准备写入的flash地址(bank2中地址,且能被8整除)
#define FLASH_SAVE_ADDR 0x08031800
// 定义准备写入flash中的数据
#define textLen 0x02
uint64_t textBuf1[textLen] = {0xA1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8,0xB1B2B3B4B5B6B7B8};
uint64_t textBuf2[textLen] = {0xC1C2C3C4C5C6C7C8,0xD1D2D3D4D5D6D7D8};
</syntaxhighlight>下面这个函数,是一个转换格式的函数,主要功能是将64bit的数据转换成字符串,这样方便我们待会将从flash中获取的数据可视化打印到串口。<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" line="1" start="39">
//******************************************************************
// 64bit数据转成字符串函数,用来展示串口打印从flash读出的值
//******************************************************************
char *FlashData_Hex2Str( uint64_t pData )
{
char hex[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
static char str[17]; // 长度设置为17,字符串最后有一个\0
char *pStr = str;
for(uint8_t i = 1; i < 17; i++ )
{
*pStr++ = hex[(pData>>(64-4*i))&0x000000000000000F];
}
*pStr = 0;
return str;
}
</syntaxhighlight>main函数,我们的例程由此处开始执行,首先调用HAL_Init()函数初始化我们的模块,接着调用SystemClock_Config()函数初始化此例程用到的时钟,具体有哪些时钟被初始化,在gyu_util.c部分有详细说明。
因为这个例程用到的是内部flash,所以我们不需要去进行flash部分的初始化,只需要初始化串口和按键,用于展示我们的实验现象。
<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" line="1" start="66">
int main(void)
{
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
// 重置所有外设、flash界面以及系统时钟
HAL_Init();
// 配置系统时钟(包含振荡器、系统时钟、总线时钟等等)
SystemClock_Config();
// 初始化USART1
MX_USART1_UART_Init();
// 初始化按键引脚
MX_KEY_Init();
//注册按钮回调函数
KEY_RegisterCb(AppKey_cb);
//
while(1)
{
KEY_Poll(); // 按键轮训,监测是否有按键被按下
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>按键回调函数中,我们可以分别按下UP或者DOWN按键,来向内部flash未被程序使用的地址中写入不同的数据,然后可以通过按下按键RIGHT的方式,来获取flash中刚刚写入<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" line="1" start="100">
void AppKey_cb(uint8_t key)
{
// 如果有相应按键被按下,则串口打印调试信息
if(key & KEY_UP)
{
ST_Flash_Write(FLASH_SAVE_ADDR, textBuf1, textLen); // flash中写入textBuf1
}
if(key & KEY_DOWN)
{
ST_Flash_Write(FLASH_SAVE_ADDR, textBuf2, textLen); // flash中写入textBuf2
}
if(key & KEY_LEFT)
{
}
if(key & KEY_RIGHT)
{
uint64_t dataBuf[textLen];
ST_Flash_Read(FLASH_SAVE_ADDR, dataBuf, textLen); // 读取flash中的数据
for(uint32_t i=0; i< textLen; i++)
{
printf("0x%s,",FlashData_Hex2Str(dataBuf[i])); // 将读取的数据转成字符串打印到串口
}
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
==== gyu_util.c ====
请参照实验01中的介绍。
基础实验中的其他例程,大部分都是使用的相同的时钟配置函数,有特殊的时钟使用,将会在对应例程的源码详解中做针对性说明。
==== gyu_stflash.c ====
检测准备写入数据的flash地址,flash地址必须满足位于bank2、且能被8整除的条件限制,否则认定为非法地址。
如果是合法的地址,则返回地址编号,如果是非法的,则返回0。<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" line="1" start="32">
uint32_t ST_Flash_AddrCheck(uint32_t addr)
{
uint32_t page;
// 如果地址小于STM32 flash bank2起始地址,或者不能整除8(一个字节8bit)
if(addr < STM32_FLASH_BANK2 || addr % 8)
{
return 0; // 认为是错误的地址,返回0
}
// 计算page编号,注意:bank2 page页编码从256开始,所以计算的值要加192
// 例如计算得出64,则代表是page256,具体请参考芯片手册
page = (addr - STM32_FLASH_BASE) / STM_SECTOR_SIZE + 192;
// 判断是否为bank2 page
if(page>255 && page<320)
{
return page;
}
else
{
return 0;
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>内部flash擦除函数,用于擦除bank2中的一页,具体是哪一页,由上一个函数的返回值决定。<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" line="1" start="66">
void ST_Flash_Erase(uint32_t page)
{
FLASH_EraseInitTypeDef FLASH_EraseInitStruct; // Flash擦除结构体
FLASH_EraseInitStruct.Banks = FLASH_BANK_2; // 选择Bank2
FLASH_EraseInitStruct.NbPages =1; // 只擦除1页
FLASH_EraseInitStruct.Page = page; // 页编号
FLASH_EraseInitStruct.TypeErase = FLASH_TYPEERASE_PAGES; // 擦除页
uint32_t PageError;
// 擦除所选页,并使能擦除中断
if(HAL_FLASHEx_Erase(&FLASH_EraseInitStruct,&PageError) != HAL_OK)
{
_Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>内部flash写函数,用于向内部flash的指定地址,写入我们指定的数据。<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" line="1" start="92">
void ST_Flash_Write(uint32_t addr, uint64_t* pbuf, uint16_t len)
{
uint32_t page;
// 检测地址,确认地址是否是bank2的page
page = ST_Flash_AddrCheck(addr);
// 如果地址不正确,则退出写函数
if(!page)
{
return;
}
HAL_FLASH_Unlock(); // flash解锁
// 擦除对应的flash page
ST_Flash_Erase(page);
for(uint32_t i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
// 向指定flash地址写入数据,数据为64bit
if( HAL_FLASH_Program(FLASH_TYPEPROGRAM_DOUBLEWORD, addr, pbuf[i]) != HAL_OK )
{
_Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
}
addr += 8; // 地址位移8个字节(一个字节是8bit)
}
HAL_FLASH_Lock(); // flash上锁
}
</syntaxhighlight>内部flash读函数,用于从内部flash指定地址中读取我们想要获取的数据。<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" line="1" start="133">
void ST_Flash_Read(uint32_t addr, uint64_t *pbuf, uint32_t len)
{
uint16_t buf[4];
for(uint32_t i = 0; i < len; i++)
{
for(uint32_t j = 0; j < 4; j++)
{
buf[j] = *(__IO uint16_t*)addr; // 获取地址的值(16bit)
addr += 2; // 地址位移2个字节(16bit)
}
// 将获取的4个16bit数据拼接一下
pbuf[i] = buf[0] + ((uint64_t)buf[1]<<16) + ((uint64_t)buf[2]<<32) + ((uint64_t)buf[3]<<48);
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
[[分类:NB-IOT]]