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→STM32L476 待机模式简介
== 实验22-串口升级（bootloader） ==
在如今的多样性需求当中，很多用户都需要不定期的对MCU的程序进行升级，如果是类似蓝牙这种具有无线通信功能的设备，那么大家普遍会使用OAD（无线升级）方式，而如果是STM32这种，那么一般都是使用USB或者UART等接口进行程序的升级。此实验就是给大家展示的STM32L4通过串口升级程序，搭配实验23-串口升级（app）一起使用。
=== STM32L476 IAP简介 ===
IAP是In Application Programming的首字母缩写，IAP是用户自己的程序在运行过程中对User Flash的部分区域进行烧写，目的是为了在产品发布后可以方便地通过预留的通信口对产品中的固件程序进行更新升级。
通常在用户需要实现IAP功能时，即用户程序运行中作自身的更新操作，需要在设计固件程序时编写两个项目代码，第一个项目程序不执行正常的功能操作，而只是通过某种通信管道(如USB、[/baike.baidu.com/item/USART USART])接收程序或数据，执行对第二部分代码的更新；第二个项目代码才是真正的功能代码。这两部分项目代码都同时烧录在User Flash中，当芯片上电后，首先是第一个项目代码开始运行，它作如下操作：
1）检查是否需要对第二部分代码进行更新
2）如果不需要更新则转到4）
3）执行更新操作
4）跳转到第二部分代码执行
第一部分代码必须通过其它手段，如[/baike.baidu.com/item/JTAG JTAG]或[/baike.baidu.com/item/ISP ISP]烧入；第二部分代码可以使用第一部分代码IAP功能烧入，也可以和第一部分代码一道烧入，以后需要程序更新是再通过第一部分IAP代码更新。
对于STM32来说，因为它的中断向量表位于程序存储器的最低地址区，为了使第一部分代码能够正确地响应中断，通常会安排第一部分代码处于Flash的开始区域，而第二部分代码紧随其后。
在第二部分代码开始执行时，首先需要把CPU的中断向量表映像到自己的向量表，然后再执行其他的操作。
如果IAP程序被破坏，产品必须返厂才能重新烧写程序，这是很麻烦并且非常耗费时间和金钱的。针对这样的需求，STM32在对Flash区域实行读保护的同时，自动地对用户Flash区的开始4页设置为写保护，这样可以有效地保证IAP程序(第一部分代码)区域不会被意外地破坏。
=== bootloader工程配置简介 ===
由于我们使用的STM32L476RC芯片具有两个BANK，分别为BANK1和BANDK2，所以我们选择BANK1作为bootloader程序存储的地址，BANK2预留给app程序。
我们配置bootloader程序的flash地址，从0x08000000开始，大小为0x20000，也就是我们BANK1的部分。
[[文件:NBDK-KEIL-BOOTLOADER.png|边框|居中|无框|640x640像素]]
=== 硬件设计 ===
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# 使用miniUSB线及10pin排线，通过Jlink仿真器连接PC端和开发板。
# 使用miniUSB线，连接PC与开发板USB接口。
# 使用Keil打开基础实验的实验24将SW1拨到USB端，SW2拨到MCU。# 使用Keil打开基础实验的实验22-低功耗待机。串口升级（bootloader）。# 使用Xshell打开miniUSB虚拟出的COM口。
# 下载程序，并完成功能测试。
=== 实验验证 ===
下载完成后，运行的情况分为2种：
1.未按下S1，按下RST复位：
可以看到TFT显示屏打印"谷雨物联网"的logo，然后打印调试的信息"<Check APP...>""APP Lose ->"，代表没有检测到APP程序，此时运行的程序是bootloader部分，可以分别按下S1、S4，可以看到会打印"aa"、"bb"。
2.保持按下S1，此时按下RST复位：
可以看到TFT显示屏打印"谷雨物联网"的logo，然后打印调试的信息"<<Enter IAP"，代表进入IAP状态，等待下载APP程序。
在运行情况2的基础上，我们使用超级终端去下载APP部分程序。
1.打开超级终端，超级终端位于：\实验22-串口升级（bootloader）\超级终端\hypertrm.exe
2.
=== 源码详解 ===
本节中的源码说明，仅针对此例程中的重要功能，详细的源码介绍请大家参照代码后的注释。