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NBDK-L4:基础实验教程

删除1,082字节2019年2月22日 (五) 10:44
无编辑摘要
这一章节主要讲解Standby待机模式:
待机模式允许通过BOR实现最低功耗。 它基于Cortex®-M4深度睡眠模式,禁用稳压器(保留SRAM2内容时除外)。 PLL,HSI16,MSI和HSE振荡器也被关闭。 除了备份域和备用电路中的寄存器外,SRAM1和寄存器内容都会丢失。 PLL,HSI16,MSI和HSE振荡器也被关闭。除了备份域和备用电路中的寄存器外,SRAM1和寄存器内容都会丢失。 如果在PWR_CR3寄存器中设置了比特RRS,则可以保留SRAM2内容。 在这种情况下,低功耗稳压器为ON,仅为SRAM2提供电源。BOR始终处于待机模式。 当使用高于VBOR0的阈值时,消耗增加。{| class="wikitable"|+如何进出Standby待机模式(代码中的具体体现)!进入Standby模式的流程!退出Standby模式的流程如何进入Standby状态:|-|1.复位RTC和备份区域如何退出Standby状态:2.清除唤醒标志,重新设置唤醒引脚
3.调用进入standby模式的函数
|1.唤醒引脚外部中断触发
2.程序从main()函数处重启
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+STM32L476RC唤醒引脚说明
!WakeUP引脚编号
!对应引脚名称
|-
|PWR_CR3_EWUP1
|PA0
|-
|PWR_CR3_EWUP2
|PC13
|-
|PWR_CR3_EWUP3
|无
|-
|PWR_CR3_EWUP4
|PA2
|-
|PWR_CR3_EWUP5
|PC5
|}
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=== 硬件设计 ===
选择STM32L4的内部FLASH。选择STM32L4的电源控制。
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# 使用miniUSB线及10pin排线,通过Jlink仿真器连接PC端和开发板。
# 使用miniUSB线,连接PC与开发板USB接口。
# 将SW1拨到USB端,SW2拨到MCU。# 使用Keil打开基础实验的实验21使用Keil打开基础实验的实验24-内部Flash。# 使用Xshell打开miniUSB虚拟出的COM口低功耗待机。
# 下载程序,并完成功能测试。
=== 实验验证 ===
下载完成后,我们可以先按下UP按键,然后按下RIGHT按键,可以看到串口打印“0xA1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8,0xB1B2B3B4B5B6B7B8,”字样。下载完成后,实现现象分为如下几种情况: 1.PC5上拉高电平,此时按下复位按键重新启动程序,可以看到:LED先缓慢闪烁2次后,快速周期闪烁 现象分析:程序上电检测到PC5为高电平,程序正常运行,模块没有进入低功耗待机模式。 2.PC5下拉低电平,此时按下复位按键重新启动程序,可以看到:LED缓慢闪烁2次后,停止闪烁 现象分析:程序上电检测到PC5为低电平,模块进入低功耗待机模式。 3.先执行完现象2。然后我们将PC5上拉高电平唤醒模块,唤醒后PC5保持低电平,可以看到:LED缓慢闪烁2次后,停止闪烁 现象分析:执行完现象2,模块进入低功耗待机模式后,我们利用PC5引脚上拉唤醒模块,程序重新从main()函数处重新启动,检测到PC5此时为低电平,模块重新进入到低功耗待机。
然后我们按下DOWN按键,然后按下RIGHT按键,可以看到串口打印“0xC1C2C3C4C5C6C7C8,0xD1D2D3D4D5D6D7D8,”字样。4.先执行完现象2。然后我们将PC5上拉高电平唤醒模块,唤醒后PC5保持高电平,可以看到:LED先缓慢闪烁2次后,快速周期闪烁
以此类推,当我们不断重新按下UP或者DOWN按键,然后按下RIGHT按键,可以看到串口打印的值一直在变动。所以我们实验成功,可以对内部进行擦除、写入、读取的操作。[[文件:NBDK-XSHELL-FLASH.png|边框|居中|无框|759x759像素]]现象分析:执行完现象2,模块进入低功耗待机模式后,我们利用PC5引脚上拉唤醒模块,程序重新从main()函数处重新启动,检测到PC5此时为高电平,程序正常运行,模块没有进入到低功耗待机模式。
=== 源码详解 ===
本节中的源码说明,仅针对此例程中的重要功能,详细的源码介绍请大家参照代码后的注释。
此文件位于“实验21-内部Flash\Inc”路径中,主要用途是选择使能此例程使用到的库文件。
此例程我们主要给大家展示STM32L4的内部flash读取,flash是任何例程都需要用到的,所以flash的宏定义一直都是有使能的。此例程我们主要给大家展示STM32L4的电源控制部分,PWR宏定义是每个例程都需要使能的。<syntaxhighlight lang="c" line="1" start="103">
// 使能的宏
#define HAL_MODULE_ENABLED // 芯片
#define HAL_GPIO_MODULE_ENABLED // GPIO
#define HAL_DMA_MODULE_ENABLED // DMA
#define HAL_UART_MODULE_ENABLED // UART
</syntaxhighlight>
==== main.c ====
定义待会准备写入数据的flash地址,注意一定是程序未被使用的部分。在这个例程中,我们展示用的是bank2中的地址,且能被8整除,不然在后面的地址判断中会被认为是错误的地址。 其次我们还定义了两个不同的数组,用于向flash写入不同的值,用于展示擦除重写功能。<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" line="1" start="31">// 定义准备写入的flash地址(bank2中地址,且能被8整除)#define FLASH_SAVE_ADDR 0x08031800  // 定义准备写入flash中的数据#define textLen 0x02uint64_t textBuf1[textLen] = {0xA1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8,0xB1B2B3B4B5B6B7B8};uint64_t textBuf2[textLen] = {0xC1C2C3C4C5C6C7C8,0xD1D2D3D4D5D6D7D8}; </syntaxhighlight>下面这个函数,是一个转换格式的函数,主要功能是将64bit的数据转换成字符串,这样方便我们待会将从flash中获取的数据可视化打印到串口。<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" line="1" start="39">//******************************************************************// 64bit数据转成字符串函数,用来展示串口打印从flash读出的值//******************************************************************char *FlashData_Hex2Str( uint64_t pData ){ char hex[] = "0123456789ABCDEF"; static char str[17]; // 长度设置为17,字符串最后有一个\0 char *pStr = str; for(uint8_t i = 1; i < 17; i++ ) { *pStr++ = hex[(pData>>(64-4*i))&0x000000000000000F]; } *pStr = 0; return str;}</syntaxhighlight>main函数,我们的例程由此处开始执行,首先调用HAL_Init()函数初始化我们的模块,接着调用SystemClock_Config()函数初始化此例程用到的时钟,具体有哪些时钟被初始化,在gyu_util.c部分有详细说明。
因为这个例程用到的是内部flash,所以我们不需要去进行flash部分的初始化,只需要初始化串口和按键,用于展示我们的实验现象。接下来我们初始化了LED,在这个例程中LED是用于展示实验现象的。程序上电,或者从待机模式中唤醒重新启动,都会缓慢闪烁2次。而后程序如果没有进入待机模式,则LED 500ms周期闪烁。
<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" line="1" start="6636">
int main(void)
{
// 配置系统时钟(包含振荡器、系统时钟、总线时钟等等)
SystemClock_Config();
// 初始化LED
LED_Init();
// 初始化USART1控制LED闪烁2次,展示待机唤醒后会复位 MX_USART1_UART_Init HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_15); HAL_Delay(1000); HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_15); HAL_Delay(1000); HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_15); HAL_Delay(1000); HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_15);
// 初始化按键引脚进入待机模式,初始化唤醒引脚 MX_KEY_InitWKUP_Init();
//注册按钮回调函数
KEY_RegisterCb(AppKey_cb);
 
//
while(1) { KEY_Poll(); // 按键轮训,监测是否有按键被按下 }}</syntaxhighlight>按键回调函数中,我们可以分别按下UP或者DOWN按键,来向内部flash未被程序使用的地址中写入不同的数据,然后可以通过按下按键RIGHT的方式,来获取flash中刚刚写入<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" line="1" start="100">void AppKey_cb(uint8_t key){ // 如果有相应按键被按下,则串口打印调试信息 if(key & KEY_UP) { ST_Flash_Write(FLASH_SAVE_ADDR, textBuf1, textLen); // flash中写入textBuf1 } if(key & KEY_DOWN) { ST_Flash_Write(FLASH_SAVE_ADDR, textBuf2, textLen); // flash中写入textBuf2 } if(key & KEY_LEFT) { } if(key & KEY_RIGHT)
{
uint64_t dataBuf[textLen]; ST_Flash_ReadHAL_Delay(FLASH_SAVE_ADDR, dataBuf, textLen500); // 读取flash中的数据 forHAL_GPIO_TogglePin(uint32_t i=0; i< textLen; i++) { printf("0x%sGPIOA,",FlashData_Hex2Str(dataBuf[i])GPIO_PIN_15); // 将读取的数据转成字符串打印到串口 }控制LED引脚状态取反,LED闪烁
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
 
==== gyu_util.c ====
请参照实验01中的介绍。
基础实验中的其他例程,大部分都是使用的相同的时钟配置函数,有特殊的时钟使用,将会在对应例程的源码详解中做针对性说明。
==== gyu_stflashgyu_standby.c ====检测准备写入数据的flash地址,flash地址必须满足位于bank2、且能被8整除的条件限制,否则认定为非法地址。 如果是合法的地址,则返回地址编号,如果是非法的,则返回0。系统进入待机模式的函数,在系统进入待机模式之前,为了将功耗降到最低,我们将复位所有的IO,禁止所有IO口的时钟,并且复位RTC和备份区域,为了后续能够通过唤醒引脚唤醒,我们使能一下唤醒引脚,最后调用系统函数进入待机模式。<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" line="1" start="3234">uint32_t ST_Flash_AddrCheckvoid Sys_Enter_Standby(uint32_t addrvoid){ __HAL_RCC_AHB2_FORCE_RESET(); // 复位所有IO口 __HAL_RCC_GPIOC_CLK_DISABLE(); __HAL_RCC_GPIOD_CLK_DISABLE(); __HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_DISABLE(); uint32_t page__HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_DISABLE(); __HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE(); // 使能PWR时钟
// 如果地址小于STM32 flash bank2起始地址,或者不能整除8(一个字节8bit)复位RTC和备份区域 if__HAL_RCC_BACKUPRESET_FORCE(addr < STM32_FLASH_BANK2 || addr % 8); // 复位备份区域 { return 0HAL_PWR_EnableBkUpAccess(); // 认为是错误的地址,返回0后备区域访问使能 }__HAL_RCC_BACKUPRESET_RELEASE(); // 备份区域复位结束
// 计算page编号,注意:bank2 page页编码从256开始,所以计算的值要加192清楚唤醒标志位,设置唤醒引脚 HAL_PWR_DisableWakeUpPin(PWR_WAKEUP_PIN5); // 例如计算得出64,则代表是page256,具体请参考芯片手册禁用WKUP唤醒,WKUP5 = PC5 page = __HAL_PWR_CLEAR_FLAG(addr - STM32_FLASH_BASEPWR_FLAG_WU) ; // STM_SECTOR_SIZE + 192清除Wake_UP标志 HAL_PWR_EnableWakeUpPin(PWR_WAKEUP_PIN5); // 设置WKUP用于唤醒,WKUP5 = PC5
HAL_PWR_EnterSTANDBYMode(); // 判断是否为bank2 page进入待机模式} if(page</syntaxhighlight>255 && pagePC5中断函数以及外部中断触发时的回调函数。<320syntaxhighlight lang="c++" line="1" start="58">// EXTI line5 中断函数void EXTI9_5_IRQHandler(void) { return page; } else { return 0HAL_GPIO_EXTI_IRQHandler(GPIO_PIN_5); }
}
<//******************************************************************// fn : HAL_GPIO_EXTI_Callback//// brief : 外部中断回调函数///syntaxhighlight>内部flash擦除函数,用于擦除bank2中的一页,具体是哪一页,由上一个函数的返回值决定。<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" line="1" start="66"/ param : GPIO_Pin->引脚编号//// return : nonevoid ST_Flash_EraseHAL_GPIO_EXTI_Callback(uint32_t pageuint16_t GPIO_Pin)
{
FLASH_EraseInitTypeDef FLASH_EraseInitStruct; // Flash擦除结构体 FLASH_EraseInitStruct.Banks = FLASH_BANK_2; // 选择Bank2 FLASH_EraseInitStruct.NbPages =1; // 只擦除1页 FLASH_EraseInitStruct.Page = page; // 页编号 FLASH_EraseInitStruct.TypeErase = FLASH_TYPEERASE_PAGES; // 擦除页 uint32_t PageError; // 擦除所选页,并使能擦除中断 if(HAL_FLASHEx_Erase(&FLASH_EraseInitStruct,&PageError) !GPIO_Pin == HAL_OKGPIO_PIN_5)
{
_Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>内部flash写函数,用于向内部flash的指定地址,写入我们指定的数据。上电后检测PC5电平,用于判断是否进入低功耗待机的函数。<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" line="1" start="9289">uint8_t PWR_Check_Standby(void ST_Flash_Write(uint32_t addr, uint64_t* pbuf, uint16_t len)
{
uint32_t page; // 检测地址,确认地址是否是bank2的page page = ST_Flash_AddrCheckif(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(addrGPIOC,GPIO_PIN_5)); // 如果地址不正确,则退出写函数 if(!page)采集PC5引脚电压
{
return1;
}
HAL_FLASH_Unlock(); // flash解锁 // 擦除对应的flash page ST_Flash_Erase(page); for(uint32_t i = 0; i < len; i++)else
{
// 向指定flash地址写入数据,数据为64bit if( HAL_FLASH_Program(FLASH_TYPEPROGRAM_DOUBLEWORD, addr, pbuf[i]) != HAL_OK ) { _Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__)return 0; } addr += 8; // 地址位移8个字节(一个字节是8bit)
}
}
 
</syntaxhighlight>待机模式初始化函数,包含了对于唤醒引脚PC5的初始化和中断使能,最后根据检测的PC5电平判断是否进入低功耗待机模式。<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" line="1" start="109">
void WKUP_Init(void)
{
// 定义GPIO结构体
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct;
 
// 使能GPIOC引脚时钟(引脚:PC5)
__HAL_RCC_GPIOC_CLK_ENABLE();
// 配置按键引脚
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_5; // 选择PC5
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_IT_RISING; // 上升沿中断触发
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_PULLDOWN; // 下拉
GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FAST; // 快速
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOC, &GPIO_InitStruct); // 初始化引脚
// 配置PC5的上升沿中断,也就是EXTI line5
HAL_PWREx_EnableGPIOPullDown(PWR_GPIO_C, PWR_GPIO_BIT_5);
HAL_PWREx_EnablePullUpPullDownConfig();
HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(EXTI9_5_IRQn, 10, 0);
HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(EXTI9_5_IRQn);
HAL_FLASH_Lock(); // flash上锁检查是否是正常开机}</syntaxhighlight>内部flash读函数,用于从内部flash指定地址中读取我们想要获取的数据。<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" line="1" start="133">void ST_Flash_Read if(PWR_Check_Standby(uint32_t addr, uint64_t *pbuf, uint32_t len){ uint16_t buf[4]; for(uint32_t i == 0; i < len; i++)
{
forSys_Enter_Standby(uint32_t j = 0; j < 4; j++) { buf[j] = *(__IO uint16_t*)addr; // 获取地址的值(16bit) addr += 2; // 地址位移2个字节(16bit) } // 将获取的4个16bit数据拼接一下 pbuf[i] = buf[0] + ((uint64_t)buf[1]<<16) + ((uint64_t)buf[2]<<32) + ((uint64_t)buf[3]<<48);不是开机,进入待机模式
}
}
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