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NBDK-L4:基础实验教程

添加8,465字节2019年3月19日 (二) 13:34
无编辑摘要
=== 硬件设计 ===
选择STM32L4的串口以及内部flash的BANK1。选择STM32L4的串口以及内部flash的BANK1,并且使用了SPI接口的显示屏展示实验现象。
[[文件:NBDK-SCH-UART-USB.png|边框|居中|无框|707x707像素]]
在运行情况2的基础上,我们使用超级终端去下载APP部分程序。
1.打开超级终端,超级终端位于:1)打开超级终端,超级终端位于:\实验22-串口升级(bootloader)\超级终端\hypertrm.exe[[文件:NBDK-HyperTerminal-00.png|边框|居中|无框|378x378像素]]2)双击打开超级终端后如下所示[[文件:NBDK-HyperTerminal-01.png|边框|居中|无框|869x869像素]]3)此时我们点击文件下的新建连接[[文件:NBDK-HyperTerminal-02.png|边框|居中|无框|869x869像素]]4)输入一个任意的连接名称,我们这边以xx代替[[文件:NBDK-HyperTerminal-03.png|边框|居中|无框|345x345像素]]5)选择连接时使用的COM口,我们这边选择的开发板上的USB接口虚拟的COM[[文件:NBDK-HyperTerminal-04.png|边框|居中|无框|336x336像素]]6)配置端口协议,主要是这两个:波特率115200,没有流控制,点击应用,点击确定[[文件:NBDK-HyperTerminal-05.png|边框|居中|无框|385x385像素]]7)配置好端口协议之后,我们保持按下S1,然后按下RST,可以看到超级终端打印如下数据,并且周期性的打印字节'C'[[文件:NBDK-HyperTerminal-06.png|边框|居中|无框|869x869像素]]8)选择超级终端,传送(T)中的发送文件,选择实验23-串口升级(app)中生成的23_iap_app.bin文件,协议选择Ymodem[[文件:NBDK-HyperTerminal-07.png|边框|居中|无框|360x360像素]]9)点击发送后,等待发送完成[[文件:NBDK-HyperTerminal-08.png|边框|居中|无框|450x450像素]]10)发送完成后,打印本次传输的23_iap_app.bin文件的名称及大小[[文件:NBDK-HyperTerminal-09.png|边框|居中|无框|869x869像素]]11)此时我们按下开发板上的RST按键,可以看到显示屏打印“<<RUN IAP APP>>”字样,并且LED周期闪烁(app程序中的tim2中断控制),代表app程序成功烧写,并且正常运行。
2.12)实验成功。
=== 源码详解 ===
此文件位于“实验24-低功耗待机\Inc”路径中,主要用途是选择使能此例程使用到的库文件。
此例程我们主要给大家展示STM32L4的电源控制部分,PWR宏定义是每个例程都需要使能的。此例程我们用于串口升级的bootloader程序,所以打开UART用于串口写入,打开SPI用于TFT展示实验现象,打开CRC用于超级终端写入app程序时的Yomdem协议校验。<syntaxhighlight lang="c" line="1" start="103">
// 使能的宏
#define HAL_MODULE_ENABLED // 芯片
#define HAL_GPIO_MODULE_ENABLED // GPIO
#define HAL_DMA_MODULE_ENABLED // DMA
#define HAL_UART_MODULE_ENABLED // UART
#define HAL_SPI_MODULE_ENABLED // SPI
#define HAL_CRC_MODULE_ENABLED // CRC
</syntaxhighlight>
==== main.c ====
main函数中,我们主要关注一下IAP相关部分代码。
 
首先我们监测S1按键的引脚电平,如果是低电平,则进入IAP模式,等待更新APP程序。
 
如果是高电平,则继续向下执行,判断BNAK2是否有app程序,如果有app程序,则执行app程序;如果没有app程序,则打印“APP Lose”提示。<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" line="1" start="49">
int main(void)
{
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
// 重置所有外设、flash界面以及系统时钟
HAL_Init();
// 配置系统时钟(包含振荡器、系统时钟、总线时钟等等)
SystemClock_Config();
// 初始化按键引脚
MX_KEY_Init();
//注册按钮回调函数
KEY_RegisterCb(AppKey_cb);
// LCD SPI初始化
LCD_GPIO_Init(); // LCD IO控制引脚(例如背光)
MX_SPI1_Init(); // LCD SPI控制引脚
COM_Init(); // 初始化串口1.其波特率为115200
// 图形界面初始化
GUI_Init(); // GUI界面初始化
GUI_Clear(); // 清屏
// 打印logo到位置X->0,Y->0
GUI_DrawBitmap(&bmLogo,0,0);
// IAP监视引脚,检测UP按键引脚电平
// 如果上电是低电平(需要按下),则进入IAP,等待升级
if(HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(IAP_PORT,IAP_PIN) == GPIO_PIN_RESET)
{
GUI_DispStringAt("<<Enter IAP>>\r\n",0,80);
Main_Menu();
}
// 如果上电是高电平(默认高电平),则检测并运行APP程序
else
{
// 检查Flash_bank2 是否存在用户APP
GUI_DispStringAt("<Check APP...>\r\n",0,80);
// 如果有用户APP,则切换到APP程序
if(FLASHIF_OK == FLASH_If_Check(FLASH_START_BANK2))
{
GUI_DispString("APP Exist ->\r\nRun\r\n"); // LCD提示用户APP程序存在,并运行
__HAL_RCC_GPIOC_FORCE_RESET();
SwitchToBand2(FLASH_START_BANK2); // 切换到APP程序存储的bank2中
}
// 如果没有用户APP
else
{
GUI_DispString("APP Lose ->\r\n"); // LCD提示用户APP程序缺失
}
}
//
while(1)
{
KEY_Poll();
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
== 实验23-串口升级(app) ==
此实验由实验17-定时器中断改编,主要是修改了程序烧写的flash地址,以及中断向量表,并且添加了显示屏部分,用来展示实验现象。
 
=== STM32L476 IAP简介 ===
IAP是In Application Programming的首字母缩写,IAP是用户自己的程序在运行过程中对User Flash的部分区域进行烧写,目的是为了在产品发布后可以方便地通过预留的通信口对产品中的固件程序进行更新升级。
 
通常在用户需要实现IAP功能时,即用户程序运行中作自身的更新操作,需要在设计固件程序时编写两个项目代码,第一个项目程序不执行正常的功能操作,而只是通过某种通信管道(如USB、[/baike.baidu.com/item/USART USART])接收程序或数据,执行对第二部分代码的更新;第二个项目代码才是真正的功能代码。这两部分项目代码都同时烧录在User Flash中,当芯片上电后,首先是第一个项目代码开始运行,它作如下操作:
 
1)检查是否需要对第二部分代码进行更新
 
2)如果不需要更新则转到4)
 
3)执行更新操作
 
4)跳转到第二部分代码执行
 
第一部分代码必须通过其它手段,如[/baike.baidu.com/item/JTAG JTAG]或[/baike.baidu.com/item/ISP ISP]烧入;第二部分代码可以使用第一部分代码IAP功能烧入,也可以和第一部分代码一道烧入,以后需要程序更新是再通过第一部分IAP代码更新。
 
对于STM32来说,因为它的中断向量表位于程序存储器的最低地址区,为了使第一部分代码能够正确地响应中断,通常会安排第一部分代码处于Flash的开始区域,而第二部分代码紧随其后。
 
在第二部分代码开始执行时,首先需要把CPU的中断向量表映像到自己的向量表,然后再执行其他的操作。
 
如果IAP程序被破坏,产品必须返厂才能重新烧写程序,这是很麻烦并且非常耗费时间和金钱的。针对这样的需求,STM32在对Flash区域实行读保护的同时,自动地对用户Flash区的开始4页设置为写保护,这样可以有效地保证IAP程序(第一部分代码)区域不会被意外地破坏。
 
=== app工程配置简介 ===
首先选择了BANK2(起始地址0x08020000,大小0x20000),作为app程序在flash中的存储地址。
 
并且配置了本工程生成.bin文件,勾选Run#1,添加:fromelf --bin --output "$L@L.bin" "#L"。
 
还有就是修改了程序的中断向量表地址(这个是源码详解中的main()函数中说明)。
[[文件:NBDK-KEIL-IAPAPP.png|边框|居中|无框|640x640像素]]
[[文件:NBDK-KEIL-BIN.png|边框|居中|无框|640x640像素]]
=== STM32L476 待机模式简介 ===
=== 硬件设计 ===
选择STM32L4的电源控制。选择STM32L4的内部flash的BANK2,并且使用了SPI接口的显示屏、TIM2定时器和LED来展示实验现象。
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# 使用miniUSB线及10pin排线,通过Jlink仿真器连接PC端和开发板。
# 使用miniUSB线,连接PC与开发板USB接口。
# 使用Keil打开基础实验的实验24将SW1拨到USB端,SW2拨到MCU。# 使用Keil打开基础实验的实验23-低功耗待机。串口升级(app)。# 使用Xshell打开miniUSB虚拟出的COM口。
# 下载程序,并完成功能测试。
=== 实验验证 ===
请查看实验22-串口升级(bootloader)中的实验验证。
 
=== 源码详解 ===
本节中的源码说明,仅针对此例程中的重要功能,详细的源码介绍请大家参照代码后的注释。
此文件位于“实验24-低功耗待机\Inc”路径中,主要用途是选择使能此例程使用到的库文件。
此例程我们主要给大家展示STM32L4的电源控制部分,PWR宏定义是每个例程都需要使能的。此例程我们用于串口升级的app程序,所以打开SPI、TIM2等用来展示实验现象。<syntaxhighlight lang="c" line="1" start="103">
// 使能的宏
#define HAL_MODULE_ENABLED // 芯片
#define HAL_GPIO_MODULE_ENABLED // GPIO
#define HAL_DMA_MODULE_ENABLED // DMA
#define HAL_UART_MODULE_ENABLED // UART
#define HAL_SPI_MODULE_ENABLED // SPI
#define HAL_TIM_MODULE_ENABLED // TIM定时器
</syntaxhighlight>
==== main.c ====
main函数中,包括整个串口升级app工程,我们只需要关注如下部分,也就是修改中断向量表地址,其他的都不重要(其他的就是实验17+显示屏)。
 
// 修改中断向量表地址
 
SCB->VTOR = 0x08020000;<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" line="1" start="39">
int main(void)
{
// 修改中断向量表地址
SCB->VTOR = 0x08020000;
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
// 重置所有外设、flash界面以及系统时钟
HAL_Init();
 
// 配置系统时钟(包含振荡器、系统时钟、总线时钟等等)
SystemClock_Config();
// 复位所有IO
//__HAL_RCC_AHB2_FORCE_RESET();
// 初始化LED引脚
LED_Init();
// 初始化tim2定时器
MX_TIM2_Init();
// LCD SPI初始化
LCD_GPIO_Init(); // LCD IO控制引脚(例如背光)
MX_SPI1_Init(); // LCD SPI控制引脚
 
// 图形界面初始化
GUI_Init(); // GUI界面初始化
GUI_Clear(); // 清屏
// 打印logo到位置X->0,Y->0
GUI_DrawBitmap(&bmLogo,0,0);
GUI_DispStringAt("<<RUN IAP APP >>\r\n",0,80);
//
while (1)
{
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
 
== 实验24-低功耗待机 ==
STM32L476芯片作为一颗低功耗的ST芯片,我们不能浪费了它的低功耗才能。在这一章和下一章我们将分别给大家展示一下他的两种常用的低功耗模式配置:待机模式、停止模式。
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