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NBDK-L4:基础实验教程

添加25,592字节2019年2月20日 (三) 10:51
实验18-独立看门狗
=== STM32L476 独立看门狗简介 ===
独立看门狗的作用:
 
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独立看门狗的作用:
独立看门狗外设检测并解决由于软件故障引起的故障,并在计数器达到给定超时值时触发系统复位。
[[文件:NBDK-SCH-BUTTON.png|边框|居中|无框|434x434像素]]
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=== 实验准备 ===
# 使用miniUSB线及10pin排线,通过Jlink仿真器连接PC端和开发板。
# 使用miniUSB线,连接PC与开发板USB接口。
# 使用Keil打开基础实验的实验18-独立看门狗。
# 下载程序,并完成功能测试。
 
=== 实验验证 ===
下载完成后,可以看到LED周期闪烁,这代表我们的STM32运行程序一直在被复位。当我们将按键S2(RIGHT)按键持续按下时,这个时候LED停止闪烁(保持常亮的状态),说明程序没有再被复位。
 
=== 源码详解 ===
本节中的源码说明,仅针对此例程中的重要功能,详细的源码介绍请大家参照代码后的注释。
 
==== stm32l4xx_hal_conf.h ====
此文件位于“实验16-RTC实时时钟\Inc”路径中,主要用途是选择使能此例程使用到的库文件。
 
此例程我们主要给大家展示STM32L4的独立看门狗功能,所以我们宏定义中打开IWDG相关的。<syntaxhighlight lang="c" line="1" start="103">
// 使能的宏
#define HAL_MODULE_ENABLED // 芯片
#define HAL_FLASH_MODULE_ENABLED // Flash
#define HAL_PWR_MODULE_ENABLED // 电源
#define HAL_RCC_MODULE_ENABLED // 时钟
#define HAL_CORTEX_MODULE_ENABLED // NVIC
 
#define HAL_GPIO_MODULE_ENABLED // GPIO
#define HAL_DMA_MODULE_ENABLED // DMA
#define HAL_UART_MODULE_ENABLED // UART
#define HAL_SPI_MODULE_ENABLED // SPI
#define HAL_IWDG_MODULE_ENABLED // 独立看门狗
</syntaxhighlight>
 
==== main.c ====
main函数,我们的例程由此处开始执行,首先调用HAL_Init()函数初始化我们的模块,接着调用SystemClock_Config()函数初始化此例程用到的时钟,具体有哪些时钟被初始化,在gyu_util.c部分有详细说明。
 
接下来我们初始化了LED,并且初始化了IWDG配置、以及控制IWDG喂狗的S2按键引脚。
 
然后我们设置LED点亮,在LED点亮之前我们延时500ms,用来展示程序是否被独立看门狗重启。
 
在while()循环中,我们持续监测IWDG控制喂狗的按键引脚电平,如果为低电平(按键被按下),则调用喂狗的函数(喂狗之后,独立看门狗不会再复位程序)。
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" line="1" start="32">
int main(void)
{
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
// 重置所有外设、flash界面以及系统时钟
HAL_Init();
// 配置系统时钟(包含振荡器、系统时钟、总线时钟等等)
SystemClock_Config();
// 初始化LED引脚
LED_Init();
// 初始化独立看门狗
MX_IWDG_Init();
// 初始化独立看门狗用于触发喂狗的S2按键引脚
IWDG_FeedIO_Init();
// 延时500ms,展示软件是否重启(重启则LED闪烁,不重启则LED常亮)
HAL_Delay(500);
LED_SET(GPIO_PIN_SET);
//
while (1)
{
// 如果按键RIGHT按下,检测为低电平,则喂狗
if(!IWDG_FeedIO_Read())
{
IWDG_Feed(); // 喂狗
}
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
==== gyu_util.c ====
请参照实验01中的介绍。
 
基础实验中的其他例程,大部分都是使用的相同的时钟配置函数,有特殊的时钟使用,将会在对应例程的源码详解中做针对性说明。
==== gyu_iwdg.c ====
看门狗初始化函数,我们配置IWDG 32分频(也就是32KHz /32 = 1KHz = 1us),配置重载计数值为1000(也就是装载满一次需要1000*1us = 1s)。
 
或者大家使用公式计算:Tout=(4*(2^prer)*rlr)/32 (ms)。此例程prer = 3,rlr = 1000。
 
<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" line="1" start="37">
void MX_IWDG_Init(void)
{
hiwdg.Instance = IWDG; // 配置为IWDG
hiwdg.Init.Prescaler = IWDG_PRESCALER_32; // 32分频,prer = 3
hiwdg.Init.Window = IWDG_WINDOW_DISABLE; //
hiwdg.Init.Reload = 1000; // 重载计数1000,rlr = 1000
if (HAL_IWDG_Init(&hiwdg) != HAL_OK) // 初始化IWDG,出错则进入错误处理函数
{
_Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>独立看门狗喂狗函数,也就是清除计数值。<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" line="1" start="57">
void IWDG_Feed(void)
{
HAL_IWDG_Refresh(&hiwdg); // 喂狗
}
</syntaxhighlight>初始化按键S2(PC2引脚)为一般上拉输入。<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" line="1" start="72">
void IWDG_FeedIO_Init(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure; // 定义引脚参数结构体
 
__HAL_RCC_GPIOC_CLK_ENABLE(); // 使能GPIOC时钟
GPIO_InitStructure.Pin= GPIO_PIN_2; // 引脚编号为2
GPIO_InitStructure.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT; // 输入
GPIO_InitStructure.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_LOW; // 低频率
GPIO_InitStructure.Pull = GPIO_PULLUP; // 上拉
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOC, &GPIO_InitStructure); // 初始化PC2
}
</syntaxhighlight>检测当前S2引脚电平,并且返回当前电平状态。<syntaxhighlight lang="c++" line="1" start="94">
uint8_t IWDG_FeedIO_Read(void)
{
return HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIOC,GPIO_PIN_2);
}
</syntaxhighlight>
== 实验19-窗口看门狗 ==
独立看门狗实验,STM32L4内部自带两个看门狗,分别叫做“独立看门狗(IWDG)”以及“窗口看门狗(WWDG)”。这两个看门狗的使用,将分别在本例程以及下一个例程给大家讲解使用的方式。
 
=== STM32L476 窗口看门狗简介 ===
系统窗口看门狗(WWDG)用于检测软件故障的发生,通常由外部干扰或不可预见的逻辑条件产生,这会导致应用程序放弃其正常序列。
 
看门狗电路在编程时间段到期时产生MCU复位,除非程序在T6位清零之前刷新向下计数器的内容。
 
如果在向下计数器达到窗口寄存器值之前刷新7位向下计数器值(在控制寄存器中),也会产生MCU复位。 这意味着必须在有限的窗口中刷新计数器。
 
WWDG时钟从APB时钟预分频,并具有可配置的时间窗口,可对其进行编程以检测异常迟到或早期应用行为。
 
WWDG最适合需要看门狗在精确定时窗口内作出反应的应用。
 
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=== 硬件设计 ===
选择STM32L4内部独立看门狗,展示使用的是开发板上的LED指示灯D3、以及用于喂狗的按键引脚S2(BTN2 PC2引脚)。
[[文件:NBDK-SCH-LED.png|边框|居中|无框|386x386像素]]
[[文件:NBDK-SCH-BUTTON.png|边框|居中|无框|434x434像素]]
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class="tlid-translation-gender-indicator translation-gender-indicator"></span>''
=== 实验准备 ===
# 使用miniUSB线及10pin排线,通过Jlink仿真器连接PC端和开发板。
510
个编辑